AC-HPAT Chemistry Practice Test

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• For AgCl(s) ⇌ Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) with Ksp = 1.8×10^-10, if [Ag+] = [Cl-] = 1.0×10^-4 M, is the solution supersaturated, saturated, or unsaturated, and what will happen?
• Which element contributes the most to the molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2?
• What is the standard cell potential E°cell for the galvanic cell Zn(s) | Zn2+ (1.0 M) // Cu2+ (1.0 M) | Cu(s)?
• What does Cash Flow Analysis examine?
• Which activities are reported in Cash Flow From Financing?
• Which analysis focuses on comparing line items across multiple periods to identify trends?
• For an ideal gas, what is the relationship between Cp and Cv?
• Are HSO4− and SO4^2− a conjugate acid–base pair?
• In a buffer solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base titrated with a strong acid, how does pH change at the start?
• In the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, which species is reduced at the cathode and which is oxidized at the anode?
• What term describes the overall change in cash during the period in the cash flow statement?
• Which description correctly matches Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids, with an example?
• In the titration of ammonia with hydrochloric acid, the conjugate acid formed at equivalence is which species?
• What is the role of the Financial Accounting Standards Board?
• Vertical analysis is defined as what?
• If theoretical yield is 52.0 g and actual yield is 36.0 g, what is the percent yield?
• In the reaction C + 2 H2 → CH4, mix 12.0 g carbon (1.00 mol) with 5.00 g H2 (2.50 mol). Which reactant is limiting and how many moles of CH4 can form?
• In a buffer made from a weak acid HA and its conjugate base A-, adding A- will shift pH how?
• Over-The-Counter (OTC) markets are best described as what?
• Define the limiting reagent in a chemical reaction and give an example.
• Systematic risk is another name for which type of risk?
• What is the purpose of bank regulation?
• Which process generally increases the entropy of a system?
• In the reaction HCl + NH3 → NH4+ + Cl−, which species is the conjugate acid?
• Which statement best describes the relationship among Stock Markets, Equity Valuation, and Capital Structure?
• Capital expenditures are reported in which cash flow section?
• Which type of bond generally has the highest bond energy?
• Horizontal analysis is defined as what?
• What is the net cash flow formula as stated?
• Which metric calculates the rate of return that makes Net Present Value equal to zero?
• Which of the following is not one of the three main financial statements?
• A solution contains 2.0 moles of solute in 1.0 liter of solution. What is its molarity?
• What is the IUPAC name for CH3-CH2-OH?
• What does Cash Flow From Operations report?
• Which oxidation state is common for oxygen in most compounds?
• For a chemical reaction, if the enthalpy change is ΔH, what is the enthalpy change for the reverse reaction?
• Equity value is determined by future cash flow projections using net present value. Which technique is this?
• How many calcium atoms are present per formula unit in Ca3(PO4)2?
• Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for calcium phosphate?
• Which of the following lists the methods of valuing a company?
• Net Income is commonly referred to as what?
• Express 0.00250 L in scientific notation.
• What distinguishes an empirical formula from a molecular formula?
• Balance the equation: Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2. What are the coefficients for Fe, H2SO4, FeSO4, and H2?
• What is the oxidation state of iron in FeSO4?
• Reputational Risk is defined as any news or information that taints the image of the company, damages customer relationships, causes a drop in share price, and more.
• Hess's law: If ΔH1 = -100 kJ for A → B and ΔH2 = +50 kJ for B → C, what is ΔH for A → C?
• What is a key characteristic of accrual accounting?
• Which quantity remains constant for a given temperature: Kc or Q?
• Which expression correctly represents freezing point depression for a nonvolatile solute?
• Market Value Ratios reflect what?
• What is the molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2 (approximately)?
• For a gas-phase reaction, which expression correctly relates Kp to Kc when Δn ≠ 0?
• If the ion product Q for the dissolution of a sparingly soluble salt exceeds its solubility product Ksp, which statement best describes the system?
• Name the common strong acid with chemical formula H2SO4.
• Which quantity is required to calculate molarity?
• From data: Doubling [A] increases rate by 3x; tripling [A] increases rate by 6x. Approximate the reaction order n?
• Which valuation approach involves valuing a company by comparing its metrics to those of similar firms?
• For a 0.10 m NaCl solution in water, where i ≈ 2 and Kf = 1.86°C·kg/mol, what is the freezing point depression ΔTf?
• What is the electron configuration of a Mg2+ ion?
• What is the primary goal of financial managers?
• What is the value of the gas constant R in units of L atm mol−1 K−1 used in the ideal gas law?
• What does CFI stand for in the cash flow statement terminology?
• If Kc ≫ 1 for a reaction at a given temperature, does the equilibrium favor products or reactants?
• Which statement about catalysts is true?
• Will the addition of salt to a 0.500 M NaCl solution affect the freezing point, and if so, by how much?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols by the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group?
• What is the oxidation state of nitrogen in NO3^-?
• Profitability Ratios express what?
• In Ca3(PO4)2, how many oxygen atoms are present per formula unit?
• A measurement reads 0.00250 L with three significant figures. If represented as 2.50 × 10^-3 L, how many significant figures does this representation have?
• Which of the following is one of the five categories of ratios?
• Balance the equation: Al + Fe2O3 → Al2O3 + Fe.
• Balance the equation: Fe + O2 → Fe2O3.
• How many moles are in 2.00 L of a 0.500 M Na2SO4 solution?
• Is the redox equation MnO4- + 8 H+ + 5 Fe2+ → Mn2+ + 5 Fe3+ + 4 H2O balanced?
• What does ΔH stand for in ΔG = ΔH - TΔS?
• Define molality and explain its difference from molarity.
• Which of the following is a method of valuing a company?
• If the rate law is rate = k [A]^2, and you double [A], by what factor does the rate change?
• In the rate law rate = k[A][B]^2, if [A] doubles and [B] triples, by what factor does the rate change?
• What are the three main financial statements?
• Rank the following intermolecular forces from strongest to weakest: hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, and London dispersion forces.
• In the reaction MnO4- + 8 H+ + 5 Fe2+ → Mn2+ + 5 Fe3+ + 4 H2O, which species is oxidized?
• Over-The-Counter markets primarily trade which type of securities?
• How many pi electrons does benzene have, and is it aromatic according to Huckel's rule?
• Calculate the molarity of a solution formed by dissolving 5.0 g of NaCl (58.44 g/mol) into 0.250 L of solution.
• How many oxygen atoms are in 2 CO2 molecules?
• Convert 1 atm to torr.
• What is the main purpose of equity valuation?
• Which entity oversees capital markets and requires disclosure to investors?
• Which valuation method compares a company's equity to competitors or other firms in the same industry?
• What best describes Physical Location Stock Exchanges?
• What is the correct relationship between Free Cash Flow and Net Operating Cash Flow?
• Define a catalyst.
• In a galvanic cell with E°(Cu2+/Cu) = +0.34 V and E°(Zn2+/Zn) = −0.76 V, which electrode is the cathode?
• If a reversible reaction at equilibrium has product continuously removed, toward which side does the system shift?
• Reputational risk can lead to which of the following outcomes?
• Titrating a weak base with a strong acid, such as NH3 with HCl, yields an equivalence point with pH less than 7 because the conjugate acid NH4+ is present.
• The standard enthalpy of formation of O2(g) in its standard state is defined as what?
• In the reaction HCl + NH3 → NH4+ + Cl−, identify the acid and base.
• Which set comprises the three most important techniques in financial statement analysis?
• For a 0.10 m solution of a non-electrolyte in water, with Kf = 1.86°C·kg/mol, what is the freezing point depression ΔTf?
• What is the pH of a 0.020 M hydrochloric acid solution?
• Which methods are used in capital budgeting to evaluate projects?
• Which of the following is a suspension?
• The cash flow statement shows how much cash is available. Which statement best describes its scope?
• Which metric measures how quickly the initial investment is recovered, without considering the time value of money?
• Which element has the largest first ionization energy among O, F, Ne, N?
• The cash flow statement has three distinct sections. Which are they?
• What type of bond character is present in sodium chloride (NaCl)?
• Rank the bond energies in order from lowest to highest: single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds.
• What is the molecular geometry around the central atom in CO2?
• Which market type is described as including all facilities needed to conduct security transactions not conducted on the physical location exchanges?
• The Gibbs free energy relation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. If ΔH > 0 and ΔS > 0, the reaction is spontaneous at high temperature when?
• What is Financial Statement Analysis?
• Identify the functional group in acetaldehyde (CH3CHO).
• A reaction has a percent yield of 60% and a theoretical yield of 25 g. What is the actual yield?
• Free cash flow statements aim to arrive at a net present value by discounting which of the following?
• Which of the following best describes a credit risk scenario?
• The IR absorption near 1700 cm−1 is characteristic of which functional group?
• In a system at equilibrium, if the reaction is exothermic and the temperature is increased, what happens to the equilibrium constant K?
• Capital Budgeting is the process of choosing projects that add value to the company and involves a long-term financial plan for larger outlays.
• Which metric is typically expressed as a percentage?
• Titration of 25.0 mL of 0.100 M NH3 (Kb = 1.8×10^-5) with 0.100 M HCl. What is the pH at the equivalence point?
• Which statement best describes isomerism: structural isomers vs stereoisomers?
• If [OH−] = 1.0×10−4 M, what is the pH of the solution?
• If ΔG° > 0 at standard conditions, the reaction is...
• What is the primary purpose of a Cash Flow Statement?
• In the reaction AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl(s) + NaNO3, mixing 0.040 mol AgNO3 with 0.010 mol NaCl, which reagent is limiting and how many moles of AgCl form?
• Which expression represents the solubility product (Ksp) for BaSO4?
• Henderson-Hasselbalch: For a buffer with pKa = 4.75, what [A-]/[HA] ratio yields pH = 4.00?
• Capital budgeting is primarily about choosing projects that add value to the company.
• Which federal agency insures bank deposits?
• A zero-order reaction has rate = k. If [A] doubles, how does the rate change?
• State the Beer-Lambert law and define A, ε, l, and c.
• If ΔG° < 0, what does it indicate about spontaneity at standard conditions?
• Which spectroscopy technique is most useful for detecting conjugated pi systems in organic molecules?
• Which activities are reflected in Cash Flow From Investing?
• Capital Markets encompass which of the following areas?
• In BF3, what is the hybridization of boron and the approximate bond angle around boron?
• Define reaction quotient Q and how it differs from equilibrium constant Kc.
• What are the units of molar absorptivity, ε?
• A 0.100 M HCl solution is prepared. What are [H+] and pH?
• Which statement correctly defines molarity and molality?
• Which agencies are responsible for U.S. bank regulation?
• A 1.00 mol sample of an ideal gas occupies 2.00 L at 298 K. What is the pressure? (R = 0.0821 L atm mol^-1 K^-1)
• Compute the molar mass of ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4.
• A compound has mass percentages 40.0% C, 6.7% H, and 53.3% O. What is its empirical formula?
• A gas with n = 0.50 mol occupies V = 11.2 L at T = 298 K. What is the pressure P (in atm) using P = nRT/V?
• Which financial statement would you examine to assess profitability over a period?
• A 0.010 M solution of HCl has pH?
• In an exothermic reaction at equilibrium, what is the effect of increasing temperature on the position of the equilibrium?
• Holding volume and temperature constant, if the amount of gas (in moles) is doubled, what happens to the pressure?
• For a gas-phase reaction, which expression correctly relates the equilibrium constants Kp and Kc given the change in moles of gas Δn?
• Using the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation, when pH equals pKa, what is the ratio of [A-] to [HA]?
• Which regulation dictates how much banks can lend?
• What is the molecular geometry around the central carbon in CO2?
• What does GAAP stand for?
• Asset Management Ratios assess what?
• What are the two basic types of market procedures?
• In cash accounting, when are revenues and expenses recorded?
• What is the oxidation state of oxygen in most compounds (excluding peroxides or OF2)?
• What best defines financial modeling?
• What is the molecular geometry of CO2?
• In the reaction HCl + NH3 → NH4+ + Cl−, which species is the conjugate base?
• Hess's law states which of the following about the enthalpy change of a reaction?
• In KMnO4, what is the oxidation state of Mn?
• Financial Institutions are special organizations that help us save, invest, and manage our money.
• Which entities regulate financial reporting?
• In KMnO4, assign oxidation states to K, Mn, and O.
• What is the pH of a solution with [H+] = 1.0×10−4 M?
• A 5.00 g sample of magnesium reacts with excess hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas and magnesium chloride. How many moles of H2 are produced? (Mg molar mass = 24.305 g/mol)
• Which of the following is not one of the five categories of ratios listed?
• Determine the limiting reagent for the reaction 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O when 3 moles of H2 and 2 moles of O2 are mixed, and state how many moles of H2O can be formed.
• Define buffer capacity.
• In the Beer-Lambert law, what unit is path length l measured in?
• Which statement accurately describes a homogeneous catalyst?
• What does the Balance Sheet report?
• How much energy is required to heat 200 g of water from 20°C to 80°C when cp is 4.18 J/g°C?
• Debt Management Ratios describe which aspects?
• Which analysis expresses line items as a percentage of a base figure to compare structure across firms or periods?
• What does CFO stand for in cash flow terminology?
• In the reaction 2 H2 + O2 -> 2 H2O, if you start with 4 moles H2 and 2 moles O2, how many moles of H2O can be formed?
• Which body is the elected governing body of the exchange?
• Financial modeling is best described as which of the following?
• In a solution of NaCl, the van't Hoff factor i is approximately 2.
• Which biomolecule is primarily used for quick energy storage in animals?
• If a compound has empirical formula CH2O and molecular formula C3H6O3, what is the multiplier that relates them?
• Differentiate between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts with an example of each.
• Hess's law: Determine the enthalpy change for the reaction: 2 CO + O2 → 2 CO2, given ΔHf°(CO) = -110.5 kJ/mol, ΔHf°(CO2) = -393.5 kJ/mol.
• Calculate the pH of a 0.01 M solution of acetic acid (Ka = 1.8×10−5).
• Isotopes differ in what property?
• Percent yield expresses how much product was obtained compared to the maximum possible amount.
• According to the Arrhenius equation, with Ea = 75 kJ/mol, near 300 K, increasing temperature by 10 K changes k by about what factor?
• Determine the hybridization of the central atom in CO2.
• A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.300 moles of solute in 3.00 liters of solution. What is the molarity?
• Why are banks highly regulated?
• In the Beer-Lambert law, what does the symbol c represent?
• If the rate law is rate = k[A]^2[B] and B is doubled with A held constant, by what factor does the rate increase?
• Dividends paid are reported in which cash flow section?
• Common bank regulations include which three elements?
• Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous catalyst?
• Market Risk is best defined as the risk that an investment's value decreases due to market factors such as a recession.
• How is Free Cash Flow defined?
• What is the hybridization of the central atom in methane (CH4)?
• Which statement defines standard enthalpy of formation?
• In banking, credit risk is the risk that a loan recipient what?
• In the galvanic cell with copper and zinc electrodes, which electrode is the anode?
• For a buffer with pKa = 4.75, what [A-]/[HA] ratio yields pH = 3.75?
• Ratio analysis is defined as what?
• Operational Risk refers to potential losses from operational events such as poorly trained employees, a technological breakdown, or theft of information.
• What does ΔG represent in ΔG = ΔH - TΔS?
• What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 5.844 g of NaCl in 1.000 L of solution?
• Dalton's Law: If pO2 = 0.21 atm and pN2 = 0.79 atm, what is the total pressure of the gas mixture?
• If the rate law is rate = k [A]^2, and [A] is tripled, by what factor does the rate change?
• A solubility product problem: BaSO4 has Ksp = 1.1×10^-10. If [Ba2+] = 1.0×10^-4 M, what [SO4^2-] would cause precipitation?
• When a reversible reaction at equilibrium has additional product added, in which direction does the equilibrium shift to counteract the change?
• Sales of long-term investments are part of which cash flow section?
• If 1.00 L of a 1.00 M solution is prepared, how many moles of solute are present?
• In Beer's law, absorbance A = ε b c. What are the typical units of path length b?
• For an ideal gas, calculate the pressure when 0.50 mol gas occupies 12.0 L at 298 K.
• How many phosphate groups are present in Ca3(PO4)2?
• If 25.0 g of NaCl is dissolved to prepare 0.500 L of solution, what is the molarity?
• Dealer Markets include which of the following?
• In a solution containing 0.50 m sucrose in water, where Kb = 0.512°C·m^-1 and i = 1, what is the boiling point elevation ΔTb?
• Which type is a homogeneous macroscopic mixture?
• What is the value of the universal gas constant R in the units commonly used for the ideal gas law?
• Financial Markets are places where buyers and sellers can come together to trade assets.